Restoring Williamsburg

This up-to-date and comprehensive look at the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg illuminates the important role it has played in our understanding of 18th-century America.

Settled in 1633, Williamsburg was first known as Middle Plantation because it was located between the James and York rivers. In 1693, the nation's second-oldest institution of higher education, the College of William and Mary, was founded there. In 1699, the settlement became the capital of England's largest and richest colony, Virginia. These are just some of the many fascinating facts found in Williamsburg. This resourceful volume, filled with detailed historical information on the people and events surrounding the development of this colony, is an integral part of the new Colonial Settlements in America set.

George Yetter's informative text describes why Williamsburg was founded and flourished during the colonial period. He traces the deterioration that followed when the capital moved to Richmond in 1780, and concludes with the exciting story of how Williamsburg's past was saved. Old photographs, daguerreotypes, watercolors, sketches, and maps capture "pre-restoration" Williamsburg. Lovely color "after" photographs show that the vision and dream have been fulfilled.

Insiders' Guide to Williamsburg and Virginia's Historic Triangle is the essential source for in-depth travel and relocation information to Williamsburg, Jamestown, and Yorktown. Written by a local (and true insider), this guide offers a personal and practical perspective of the cities and the surrounding environs.

In Creating Colonial Williamsburg, Anders Greenspan examines the restoration and re-creation of the structures and gardens of Virginia's colonial capital beginning in 1926. The restoration was undertaken by the Rockefeller family, whose aim was to promote a twentieth-century appreciation for eighteenth-century ideals. Ironically, those ideals, including democracy, individualism, and representative government, were often promoted at the expense of a more complete understanding of the town's true history. The meaning and purpose of Colonial Williamsburg has changed over time, along with America's changing social and political landscapes, making the study of this historic site a unique and meaningful entry point to understanding the shifting modern American character. In recent years, financial struggles and declining attendance forced a new interpretation of the town, extending the presentation into the period of the American Revolution, while adding new interpretive approaches such as street theater and a greater emphasis on technology. Over its eighty-year history, says Greenspan, Colonial Williamsburg has grown and matured, while still retaining its emphasis on the importance of eighteenth-century values and their application in the modern world.

Describes Williamsburg and explains the role it played in the history of the United States.

This comprehensive survey of British colonial governors' houses and buildings used as state houses or capitols in the North American colonies begins with the founding of the Virginia Colony and ends with American independence. In addition to the 13 colonies that became the United States in 1783, the study includes three colonies in present-day Florida and Canada--East Florida, West Florida and the Province of Quebec--obtained by Great Britain after the French and Indian War.

For more than a century, the term "Main Street" has conjured up nostalgic images of American small-town life. Representations exist all around us, from fiction and film to the architecture of shopping malls and Disneyland. All the while, the nation has become increasingly diverse, exposing tensions within this ideal. In The Death and Life of Main Street, Miles Orvell wrestles with the mythic allure of the small town in all its forms, illustrating how Americans continue to reinscribe these images on real places in order to forge consensus about inclusion and civic identity, especially in times of crisis. Orvell underscores the fact that Main Street was never what it seemed; it has always been much more complex than it appears, as he shows in his discussions of figures like Sinclair Lewis, Willa Cather, Frank Capra, Thornton Wilder, Margaret Bourke-White, and Walker Evans. He argues that translating the overly tidy cultural metaphor into real spaces--as has been done in recent decades, especially in the new urbanist planned communities of Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk and Andres Duany--actually diminishes the communitarian ideals at the center of this nostalgic construct. Orvell investigates the way these tensions play out in a variety of cultural realms and explores the rise of literary and artistic traditions that deliberately challenge the tropes and assumptions of small-town ideology and life.

Mother Ann Lee, founder of the Shakers, articulated a vision of a community that embraced sacrifice over the needs of the individual; the result was one of the most successful utopian experiments of nineteenth-century America. The Shakers, an idealistic offshoot of the ascetic Quaker religion, grew to as many as six thousand members in nineteen communities reaching from New England to the Midwest. Lee's experiment, focused mainly on simplicity, celibate communal living, and sexual equality, provided a model of prosperity for more than one hundred years. Founded in 1806, Shaker Village of Pleasant Hill, Kentucky, was a thriving community located in the center of the bluegrass region. After the Civil War, a steadily shrinking membership resulted in the gradual decline of this remarkable community, and the last remaining Shaker to reside at Pleasant Hill died in 1923. In the years immediately following, it appeared as though the village would fall prey to neglect and a lack of historic preservation. In 1961, however, local citizens formed a private not-for-profit organization to preserve and restore the village and to interpret the rich heritage of the Pleasant Hill Shakers for future generations. Over several years, and against incredible odds, this group succeeded in raising the funds necessary for the restoration projects. By 1968, eight buildings at Shakertown, carefully adapted for modern use while retaining their historical and architectural significance, had been opened to the public. Thomas Parrish's Restoring Shakertown masterfully explains how the Shaker settlement was saved from the ravages of time and transformed into a nationally renowned landmark of historic preservation. In chronicling how the hopes of the early fund-raisers quickly were challenged by the harsh reality of economic hardships, the book serves as a valuable study in modern philanthropy. Parrish also details the village's negotiation of legal challenges and how its final plans for creating awareness of the Shakers' legacy set the standard for later museum developments around the country. In addition to recounting the remarkable history of the formation and eventual demise of the "Shaking Quakers," Parrish presents a dramatic chronicle of the village's evolving fortunes. From describing the challenges of financing the restoration to finding preservation experts to achieve the highest standards of authenticity, Restoring Shakertown reveals the complexities and rewards of the preservation of one of Kentucky's most significant historical and architectural sites.

The definitive volume on how paint has been used in the U.S. in the last 250 years. Eminent contributors cover the history of this medium in American buildings from the 17th century to the end of the 19th century. Contains a survey of practices and materials in England, cutting-edge techniques used by today's researchers in examining historic paints, fascinating case studies and an important chart of early American paint colors. Explains how to identify pigments and media, how to prepare surfaces for application and apply paint. Includes the chemical properties of paint with a table of paint components, plus a glossary and bibliography.

How to accommodate contemporary life in a historic house. This book does not repeat basic information that is readily available in many standard DIY books about carpentry, wiring, and plumbing. Rather, it shows how to adapt those DIY skills to the specialized needs of a historic house. Although there are other books about renovating old houses, this is the first that prioritizes the identification and preservation of the historic, character-defining features of a house as a starting point in the process. That is the purpose of this book: to describe and illustrate a best-practices approach for updating historic homes for modern life in ways that do not attempt to turn an old house into a new one. The book also suggests many ways to save money in the process, without settling for cheap or inappropriate solutions. Scott Hanson is a historic-building preservation professional and has 40 years’ experience rehabilitating historic houses. He has illustrated this authoritative book with hundreds of step-by-step photos, illustrations, charts, and decision-making guides. Interspersed throughout are photo essays of 13 restored historic houses representing a range of periods and architectural styles: Italianate, Victorian, Queen Anne, Federal, Colonial, Colonial Revival, Greek Revival, Ranch, Adobe, Craftsman, Shingle, and Rustic. With interior and exterior photography by David Clough, these multi-page features show what can be achieved when a historic home is renovated with a desire to preserve or restore as much historic character as possible.

This volume is the first to offer an in-depth look at historical archaeology, public history, and reconstruction in Williamsburg through a comprehensive range of sites, topics, and analyses. Uniquely combining a historical landscape and a large town museum complex, Colonial Williamsburg has deeply influenced the discipline for 100 years through one of the nation’s longest continuously running archaeological conservation programs. Historical Archaeology in the Twenty-First Century illuminates the town’s history as an early capital of the Virginia Colony and home to the College of William & Mary. In the 1700s, Williamsburg was a center of political, cultural, and commercial life where people of African, European, and Native American descent interacted regularly. The case studies in this volume cover topics including animal husbandry, the oyster industry, architectural reconstruction, window leads, and an apothecary’s display skeleton. Contributors draw attention to the interactions between enslaved and free communities as well as African American burial practices. Using exemplary approaches and methodologies, this volume addresses key concerns in the field such as amplifying voices of the African diaspora, the development of ethically sound inclusive archaeologies, the value of environmental analyses, and the advantages of virtual models. The research highlighted here provides state-of-the-art examples of how historical archaeology can be used to inform, engage, and educate. Contributors: Dessa E. Lightfoot | Mark Kostro | Joanne Bowen | Patricia M. Samford | Irvy R Quitmyer | Peter Inker | Jason Boroughs | Ellen Chapman | Ywone D. Edwards-Ingram | Stephen C. Atkins | Martha McCartney | Kelly Ladd-Kostro | Andrew C. Edwards | Meredith Poole

This book offers historians and aspiring historians a learned, absorbing, and comprehensive overview of current fashions of method, interpretation, and meaning in the context of postmodernism that has washed over the historical profession in the last two decades.

This cultural history of mainline Protestantism and American cities--most notably, New York City--focuses on wealthy, urban Episcopalians and the influential ways they used their money. Peter W. Williams argues that such Episcopalians, many of them the country's most successful industrialists and financiers, left a deep and lasting mark on American urban culture. Their sense of public responsibility derived from a sacramental theology that gave credit to the material realm as a vehicle for religious experience and moral formation, and they came to be distinguished by their participation in major aesthetic and social welfare endeavors. Williams traces how the church helped transmit a European-inflected artistic patronage that was adapted to the American scene by clergy and laity intent upon providing moral and aesthetic leadership for a society in flux. Episcopalian influence is most visible today in the churches, cathedrals, and elite boarding schools that stand in many cities and other locations, but Episcopalians also provided major support to the formation of stellar art collections, the performing arts, and the Arts and Crafts movement. Williams argues that Episcopalians thus helped smooth the way for acceptance of materiality in religious culture in a previously iconoclastic, Puritan-influenced society.