India Mixed Enterprise And Western Business

This book is a study of one type of relation between public authorities and the private sector. In the modern world it is becoming increasingly clear that these two ways of organizing economic life must learn to get along with each other and develop vehicles of mutual advantage. This is especially true in the re lations between advanced and developing economies because for historical reasons, the development of non-Western economies today is taking a course quite different from the path of the advanced business economies of the West. It is desirable for both spheres to try and understand each other and look for ways of getting along. International tensions can be alleviated to the degree that positive attitudes are taken and mechanisms of the kind dealt with in this book are created. Much of the problem is simply one of semantics. The term "socialism" or "socialistic pattern of society", for example, which is often used in India as a positive word has very negative conno tations for Americans. There are, of course, socialists in India who would make their economy entirely publicly owned, indis tinguishable from the Chinese or the Russian, but the vast majority of leaders associated with the dominant party in India visualize a present and future mixed economy not too different from that reached by the United States through a very different road. We in the United States have been nurtured on the belief in private enterprise.

The latter part of the 20th century was a period of radical global political-economic change. Many non-Western countries industrialized and transitioned from statist-collectivism to modern market-capitalism and democracy. However, others stagnated or even regressed in economic developmental and other respects. This book provides a concise, comprehensive account of industrial-economic modernization and development in a range of countries in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin American and the Caribbean. CONTENTS: 1. INDUSTRIAL MODERNIZATION & DEVELOPMENT 2. OTHER-SOCIETAL INFLUENCES: POLITICS, ECONOMICS & DIFFUSION 3. THE GEOGRAPHY OF INDUSTRIAL MODERNIZATION & DEVELOPMENT 4. CULTURAL & PERSONALITY INFLUENCES 5. HISTORICAL STUDIES 6. THE ECONOMICS OF MODERNIZATION & DEVELOPMENT 7. INDUSTRY & ENTERPRISE IN EAST ASIA 8. INDUSTRY & ENTERPRISE IN CHINA 9. INDUSTRY & ENTERPRISE IN INDIA 10. INDUSTRY & ENTERPRISE IN THE MIDDLE EAST 11. INDUSTRY & ENTERPRISE IN LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN 12. INDUSTRY & ENTERPRISE IN AFRICA 13. MANUFACTURING FIRMS & INDUSTRIES 14. AGRICULTURE 15. TRADE, MARKETS, & DEVELOPMENT 16. FINANCE, INVESTMENT & DEVELOPMENT 17. EDUCATIONAL, POLITICAL & WIDER SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS

That a developing economy needs management even more than resources is now becoming abundantly clear to all students of growth. There was perhaps a facile assumption in the earlier years that the rate of growth in a developing country depended in almost direct proportion to two factors: the resources available within the country, the land, water, minerals, savings and other relevant inputs; and the initial importation of aid from without, in terms of capital and skills not available within - but the factor of good management was somehow ignored, as also the attitudes of the people and their leadership to growth. These two factors are now coming into their own as being crucial to development and there is a new appreciation of the need for a good supply of well trained managers and providing them with an environment that is permissive and encouraging. These essays are a timely analysis of this new-felt need, and a valuable source of new leads and hypotheses, for they examine the multi-facets of the problem of India's growth, but with keeping the professional manager squarely in the middle of the study. And after all it is he upon whom the major responsibility for develop ment and growth will depend, given the chance. The contributors to this symposium are seven young Indians, all management educators of distinction at universities in the United States, and one hopes that they will themselves pick up some of the leads and pursue them. P. L.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This book enlarges our understanding of economic development by bringing together items or aspects of historical experience relevant to the present-day problems of developing countries; by looking at the problems over a longer period than is usual in development economics, so that the influence of underlying forces may be made evident; and by comparing the experiences of different countries in similar situations. A variety of countries are dealt with and most of the significant problems in development economics are covered in one context or another. The authors of this symposium, each an internationally acknowledged authority, offer expert assessments of development as it has actually taken place. The chapter by Professor Rosovsky shows what is significant, what is peculiar and what could be imitated in Japan; Professor Black takes the little-studied case of Ireland, and Dr Macpherson gives an informed and balanced account of Indian development. This unique book was first published in 1972.

An inspiring speaker and brilliantly sophisticated theorist, Michael Kidron was a leading figure in the International Socialist tradition from the 1950s until his death in 2003. Never satisfied with merely restating the assumed tenets of Marxism, Kidron insisted that theory must evolve alongside a changing world &mdash an iconoclastic orientation which led him to clash with others on the left, including the British Communist Party and, later, the Socialist Workers Party itself under the leadership of Kidron's long-time comrade Tony Cliff. This undoctrinaire commitment to theoretical openness was also evident in Kidron's period as an editor with Pluto Books in the 1970s and 1980s, when the publisher became a crucial forum for developing socialist ideas and bringing them to a wider audience. Selected Writings collects a number of Kidron's most important essays: 'Reform and Revolution' offers a critique of post-war social democracy, written several decades before its collapse into neoliberalism; 'The Permanent Arms Economy' succinctly lays out what is perhaps Kidron's best-known theoretical contribution; 'Black Reformism' both provides an analysis of the imperialism of Kidron's day, and attacks the then-common assumption that Third World revolutions opened a road to world socialism. In recognition of Kidron's commitment to constantly re-examining theory, this volume also includes his 1977 essay 'Two Insights Don't Make a Theory', in which he criticises and updates his own earlier work in light of historical developments. Edited and introduced by Richard Kuper, who worked alongside Kidron at Pluto, this volume is the best introduction to one of the most original Marxist thinkers of recent times.

Professor Erik Thorbecke's study, here published, continues the empirical work undertaken by Folke Hilgerdt for the League of Nations. It is a study of actual trade and payments derived laboriously from the voluminous statistical data published by national governments and international institutions. The col lection, analysis and interpretation of this mass of data involved much patient industry, but in the process of brooding over the detail a truer understanding of the complex structure of world trade was gained than could be achieved in any other way. Trade of course is nearly always bilateral. When goods are re-exported they are, for the most part, refashioned and changed into essentially new utilities. What is multilateral or bilateral or regional in a system of international trade is the method of payment. The justification for multilateralism is the opportunity it affords for countries to specialize, so that one country may use the foreign exchange earned by its exports to buy imports from a third country. Indeed this statement in terms of countries obscures the ultimate realities. In a free multilateral system it is individuals who import and export. When they can freely buy and sell the foreign exchange acquired or required for their transactions, payments are multilateral and the network of trade extends widely across political boundaries. What Mr. Thorbecke shows is that political controls of pay ments have confined more trade within restricted channels.

This bibliography is a companion volume to International Law and the Social Sciences. One of the aims of the earlier work by Wesley L. Gould and Michael Barkun was to show how social science concepts could be employed in research in international law. With the support and encouragement of the American Society of international Law, they have now compiled a broad and thorough survey of social science literature of potential usefulness to students and practitioners of international law. Arranged by topics, the works cited range over political science, economics, sociology, anthropology, geography, and many interdisciplinary fields. Material on possible methodological approaches is also included. Each citation is fully and critically annotated and cross-indexed. Originally published in 1972. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.